Description
This paper describes the initial progress made on a US Environmental Protection Agency-funded study to evaluate the kinetics of microcystin LR and anatoxin-a degradation in the presence of free chlorine. At press time for the conference proceedings, tests were ongoing and results were not yet available for publication. This abstract briefly describes the objectives and participants in the study. In studies published to date, free chlorine has been shown to have varying effectiveness at degrading both microcystin LR and anatoxin-a (Hoffmann, 1976; Keijola et al., 1988; Himberg et al., 1989; Carlile, 1994; Nicholson et al., 1994; Yoo et al., 1995; Hart et al., 1998; Lawton and Robertson, 1999). Nevertheless, free chlorine is the most widely used disinfectant in the United States and studies are needed to quantify the CT values (chlorine residuals and contact times) that utilities need to achieve specified levels of inactivation. Therefore, the objective for this project is to conduct a detailed evaluation of the kinetics of extracellular microcystin LR and extracellular anatoxin-a inactivation by free chlorine. This will provide the water industry with CT values needed for chlorine inactivation of these two toxins in water that is free of algal cells (e.g., water pretreated with conventional filtration processes). CT values will be generated for alternative pH values and temperatures. Includes extended abstract only.
Product Details
- Edition:
- Vol. – No.
- Published:
- 11/01/2002
- Number of Pages:
- 2
- File Size:
- 1 file , 210 KB
- Note:
- This product is unavailable in Ukraine, Russia, Belarus
