Description
Iron and manganese are prevalent in concentrations that exceed the secondary maximum contaminant levels in the water supply of many water utilities in the United States. Many technologies have been employed for removal of iron and manganese from water with varying degrees of success, and with varying levels of capital and operating costs. In 1996 a full scale installation of a new technology was designed and constructed. The facility does not follow the traditional oxidation and filtration, “greensand”, or oxide coated media treatment processes that have become the predominant removal methods used in the United States. The facility capitalizes on the rapid catalytic oxidation of iron and manganese, and on the specific media properties of pyrolusite to allow very high filtration rates and frequent, high rate backwashes to keep capital and operating costs less than half the cost of traditional technologies. Since 1996, Clark Public Utilities has completed construction of three other full scale facilities using pyrolusite with filter loading rates of 10.0 to 15.6 gpm/sq.ft. The chemistry, design, operating results and costs of this removal alternative are presented in this paper.
Product Details
- Published:
- 01/01/1998
- ISBN(s):
- 0898679796
- Number of Pages:
- 23
- File Size:
- 1 file
- Note:
- This product is unavailable in Ukraine, Russia, Belarus
