Description
Although operational conditions can be optimized in order to minimize fouling, itappears from relevant literature that certain membranes foul faster and experience greaterflux decline than others, although the mechanisms are not clear (Cho et al., 1999, Xu etal. 2005, Gwon et al., 2003, Vrijenhoek, et al. 2001). Therefore, knowledge of the foulingpropensity of candidate membranes before pilot-scale and full-scale operation would beextremely beneficial. Because fouling has been shown to be dependent upon feed waterquality, the development of a quick and inexpensive screening protocol to determine the fouling propensity of candidate membranes when treating certain feed water is needed.Currently, the initial selection of candidate membranes for pilot- and full-scale membranetesting/operation is neglecting the fouling potential for a given feedwater, is based largelyon previous experience with a membrane product in similar applications, and subsequentoperation often fails due to membrane fouling (Wilf and Alt 2000, Gwon et al. 2003,Vrouwenvelder et al. 2003).The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of fouling on theperformance of ULPRO and NF membranes during water reuse applications. The studywas funded by the Awwa Research Foundation (#3012) and the West Basin MunicipalWater District. The paper discusses candidate membranes, bench-scale membrane tests, two-stage membrane testing unit, total organic carbon (TOC) and nutrient analysis, trace organic analysis, performance perameters, pilot-scale membrane unit, and the analytical methods used for membrane characterization. Includes 21 references, tables, figures.
Product Details
- Edition:
- Vol. – No.
- Published:
- 03/01/2007
- Number of Pages:
- 9
- File Size:
- 1 file , 300 KB
- Note:
- This product is unavailable in Ukraine, Russia, Belarus
