Description
This paper describes pilot-scale studies that examined three integrity test methods forquantifying virus removal by NF and RO membrane systems when arranged insingle element unit and two-stage system configurations, and determining change invirus removal capability of such systems when subject to different types ofmembrane/o-ring compromization and fouling. The three methods evaluated includedone biologic type (MS-2 phage), that has been employed previously; and two, new nonbiologictypes (24-nanometer polystyrene fluorescent dyed microspheres andfluorescent Rhodamine WT [R-WT] dye, molecular mass 496 daltons). All threesurrogates were employed in a manner intended to show a minimum of 4-logs removalby the NF and RO membranes selected for test. Methods of compromization included apinhole induced through one membrane leaf in the spiral wound NF/RO element, andboth cracking of and removal of sections from one of the permeate tube o-rings.Testing was conducted on two source waters, representing brackish surface water andeffluent categories, that included a microfiltered secondary effluent and a river water. The river wateris characterized by low to moderate TDS and high TOC and was treated withconventional alum coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation and granular media filtrationfor subsequent membrane processing. Includes 7 references, figures.
Product Details
- Edition:
- Vol. – No.
- Published:
- 03/05/2003
- Number of Pages:
- 17
- File Size:
- 1 file , 260 KB
- Note:
- This product is unavailable in Ukraine, Russia, Belarus
